Basic information
Chickens feed to acquire the energy and building materials that they need to live and grow, chickens use energy to perform normal body functions such as breathing, walking, eating, digesting, and maintaining body temperature. Nutrients provide poultry the energy and material needed for the development of bone, flesh, feathers, and eggs. Each of these compounds is important in providing poultry the nutrients they need, and a deficit of even one can have serious health consequences for poultry
Poultry diets are made up of a mixture of several different feedstuffs including cereal grains, soybean meal, animal by-product meals, fats, and vitamin and mineral premixes, together with fresh water, these elements provide the energy and nutrients essential for the bird’s growth, reproduction, and health
Poultry convert feed into useful nutrients quickly and efficiently. They have a relatively low environmental impact compared with other farm animals, but their high rate of productivity means that they do require moderately high nutrient maintenance
Feeding poultry for optimum growth and production requires that the birds consume appropriate, balanced diets. Nutrient recommendations are different for each species and the purpose of the birds (meat versus eggs), as well as the stage of growth and production. Cross feeding, such as feeding laying hens a diet that is intended for broiler chickens, is not advised, therefore, raising mixed flocks should be done with caution
Providing the right nutrition is important for poultry growth, production and health, different energy requirements are required, depending on factors including bird age and production status. Providing adequate nutrition is important so that the bird is able to achieve its productive potential and also for it to sustain health
Features
1. Chicks require a diet that can provide the nutrients needed for rapid growth and feather development. Chicks are given relatively high levels of energy, protein and the vitamins and minerals for the starter period
2. Once the chicks are fully feathered their energy requirements are reduced. Feeding management for layer pullets aims to maintain a growth rate that will lead to the pullet reaching sexual maturity at the desired age while avoiding obesity
3. The stage at which a pullet will start laying eggs is affected by age, body weight and day length. On a percentage basis, layer pullet diets have lower energy and protein levels than chick diets. Different breeders recommend different feeding strategies for their birds, including the number of different diets fed during the pullet growing stage
4. Chicks require a diet that can provide the nutrients needed for rapid growth and feather development. Chicks are given relatively high levels of energy, protein and the vitamin and minerals for starter period. Once the chicks are fully feathered their energy requirements are reduced
5. The aim of layer diets is to optimize egg production (in terms of egg numbers, egg size or egg mass), it provides the nutrition required to safeguard health and maintain the desired bodyweight
6. A bird's diet must include a combination of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water for optimal growth and production
7. Feed that is of poor quality, not in the right form or does not contain the right levels of energy and mix of nutrients, can potentially cause nutritional stress and lead to other health concerns
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Why nutrients is essential to chickens health
1. Feed intake
The amount of feed consumed by poultry varies depending on whether the bird is being raised for egg or meat production. Feed intake will also vary depending on environmental conditions such as temperature, physical activity and whether the birds have access to other sources of feed such as grass in free range systems and other factors includes, age, breed, health, welfare, availability and access to feed and water
2. Feed ingredients
Poultry feed contains many ingredients which includes the following, grains (e.g. Wheat, barley, sorghum), protein meals (soybean meal, canola meal, animal protein meals), fats and oils, amino acids and vitamins and minerals. Feed ingredients will vary depending on a number of factors including product availability, locality, price and quality of the raw ingredients
3. Drinking water
Poultry should always have access to plenty of cool, fresh drinking water, but make sure the water is low in salt. Salt is already provided in poultry feed, and drinking water with high salt levels, may cause an oversupply of these minerals and lead to increased water intake, wetter droppings and wet litter issues, reduced performance, water provided for drinking, cooling and range irrigation must be free from microbial contamination that could potentially cause disease in poultry, or lead to food safety issues. Test water regularly to ensure that it meets specific microbiological and contaminant standards. Water that does not meet the standards, including all surface water such as creek, dam or tank water, must be treated with approved methods to kill potential disease organisms
4. Water intake
Generally, water intake should be about 1.5 to 2 times feed intake. Poultry water consumption is dependent on factors including the followings food consumption (such as reduced food intake may lead to reduced water intake and vice versa), water being too hot, contaminated water, ambient temperature, type of drinkers used, drinker height and water pressure. Check drinkers daily to ensure they are in working order, the drinker systems should also be cleaned and flushed regularly to remove any microbial or mineral build up in the lines. To ensure that adequate water is available to meet bird requirements, the manufacturer's recommendation of number of birds per drinker should be used as a guide
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Frequently ask questions
Q: What are the necessary requirements needed to enhance the nutrients in my chicken feed?
A: A bird's diet must include a combination of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water for optimal growth and production
Q: Why is nutrients important in chickens?
A: Providing an adequate nutrition to your chickens is important because it helps the bird to achieve its productive potential and also it also helps the chickens to sustain healthy living
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